Definition of Figure of Speech
A figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used in a non-literal way to create an effect. This effect may be rhetorical as in the deliberate arrangement of words to achieve something poetic, or imagery as in the use of language to suggest a visual picture or make an idea more vivid. Overall, figures of speech function as literary devices because of their expressive use of language.
Types of Figures of Speech
The term figure of speech encompasses a variety of literary devices, techniques, and other forms of figurative language, some of which are:
1. Simile
A simile is a type of figurative language which is used to compare one thing against another. Similes compare the likeness of two things and often feature the words ‘like’ or ‘as’.
(Simile adalah jenis bahasa kiasan yang digunakan untuk membandingkan satu hal dengan hal lainnya. Perumpamaan membandingkan kemiripan dua hal dan sering kali menampilkan kata 'suka' atau 'sebagai'.)
Examples of similes :
- As strong as an ox
- As hot as hell
- As pleased as punch
2. Metaphor
A metaphor is a phrase describing something as something it is not in reality. It is used to compare two things symbolically. A metaphor literally describes something as something it is not
(Metafora adalah frasa yang menggambarkan sesuatu sebagai sesuatu yang sebenarnya tidak ada. Ini digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal secara simbolis. Metafora secara harfiah menggambarkan sesuatu sebagai sesuatu yang bukan)
Examples of metaphors :
- She was a shining star
- My mother-in-law is a dragon
- The classroom was a zoo
3. Personification
Personification is a type of figurative language. It is used to give an inanimate object or item a sense of being alive
(Personifikasi adalah jenis bahasa kiasan. Ini digunakan untuk memberi objek atau benda mati rasa hidup)
Examples of how personification is used in sentences :
- Please work phone, I need to make a call
- Why are you so heavy, suitcase?
- Help me find what I’m looking for dictionary please.
4. Hyperbole
A hyperbole is a figure of speech which exaggerates the meaning of a sentence
(Hiperbola adalah kiasan yang membesar-besarkan arti kalimat)
Examples of hyperboles :
- She ran faster than the wind
- That boy is as tall as a giraffe
- My mom is going to kill me.
5. Idiom
An idiom is a phrase which bears no literal meaning to the situation it is describing but it implies the facts or story behind it
(Idiom adalah frasa yang tidak memiliki arti literal untuk situasi yang digambarkannya tetapi menyiratkan fakta atau cerita di balik nya)
Examples of idioms :
- Get a kick out of it-which means that someone get a thrill from something
- Cutting corners-which means to miss out parts of a job
- Break a leg-which means good luck
6. Symbolism
Symbolism is another form of figurative language which is used to express an abstract idea using an item or words
(Simbolisme adalah bentuk lain dari bahasa kiasan yang digunakan untuk mengekspresikan ide abstrak menggunakan item atau kata-kata)
Examples to show how symbolism can work in a sentence :
- We had to put out a red alert
- My son has been in hospital but he has been a lion
- The black death killed many people all those years ago.
7. Irony
A form of figurative speech is irony. This is when a statement made is directly contradictory to the reality.
(Suatu bentuk pidato kiasan adalah ironi. Ini adalah saat pernyataan yang dibuat secara langsung bertentangan dengan kenyataan. )
Examples of how irony is used in a sentence:
- The marriage counsellor ended up getting a divorce from her husband
- I won the lottery on my retirement day
- He claims to be an animal rights activist but he wears a fur coat.
8. Puns
Puns are a form of figurative language which create a play on words. They add an extra meaning to a subject and are often seen as a form of joke or to be humorous
(Puns adalah salah satu bentuk bahasa kiasan yang menciptakan permainan kata. Kata-kata itu menambah makna ekstra pada suatu subjek dan sering kali dianggap sebagai lelucon atau lelucon)
Examples of what a pun would sound like :
- An egg in the morning is hard to beat
- A good pun is it’s own reword
- Black beauty was a dark horse
9. Oxymoron
An oxymoron is a term which features two words which appear to contradict each other but make sense of the situation overall.
(Oxymoron adalah istilah yang menampilkan dua kata yang tampaknya saling bertentangan tetapi memahami situasi secara keseluruhan. )
Examples of oxymoron’s :
- Pretty ugly
- Growing smaller
- Walking dead
10. Alliteration
Alliteration is a type of figurative speech in which the repetition of letters or sounds in used within one sentence
(Aliterasi adalah jenis pidato kiasan di mana pengulangan huruf atau suara digunakan dalam satu kalimat)
Examples of alliteration being used in a sentence :
- Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer ran round the road
- Eagles end up eating entrails
- She sells seashells on the seashore
11. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is a form of figurative language in which words which are used to describe a sound actually resemble the sound they are referring to.
(Onomatopoeia adalah suatu bentuk bahasa kiasan di mana kata-kata yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan suara sebenarnya menyerupai suara yang mereka maksud.)
Examples of onomatopoeia being used in sentences :
- The horse neighed when I rode him
- In the jungle you can hear the monkeys chatter
- The train chugged along the tracks
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